Oocytes of a single individual of Ciona intestinalis (Roscoff, France) were fertilized by a mixture of sperm of two individuals and development was followed microscopically. Embryos were snapfrozen in liquid nitrogen at the appropriate stage and kept at -80°C. Samples at stage 0, 8, 12, 15, 21, 26 were collected from the same fertilzation, while sample from stage 11 was independently collected from a different individual. Total RNA was prepared with the RNA II kit of Magerey Nagel and the quality was checked with the Bioanalyzer, all samples had a RIN value of higher than 9. Strand specific libraries were constructed and the sequencing (50PE) was performed with Illumina HiSeq 2000 technology (BGI, Hong Kong, China). Reads were aligned onto C.robusta genome and considered to reflect the expression of the C.robusta orthologous genes.

Conversion to Aniseed format of data from Yutaka Satou's gene expression profiles of transcription factors and signalling molecule ISH screen (Development. 2004 131:4047-58).

Original annotation :
Gene name :gsx.
Expression pattern : No signal was detected

Conversion to Aniseed format of data from Yutaka Satou's gene expression profiles of transcription factors and signalling molecule ISH screen (Development. 2004 131:4047-58).

Original annotation :
Gene name :gsx.
Expression pattern : No distinct zygotic signal was detected

Conversion to Aniseed format of data from Yutaka Satou's gene expression profiles of transcription factors and signalling molecule ISH screen (Development. 2004 131:4047-58).

Original annotation :
Gene name :gsx.
Expression pattern : No distinct zygotic signal was detected

Conversion to Aniseed format of data from Yutaka Satou's gene expression profiles of transcription factors and signalling molecule ISH screen (Development. 2004 131:4047-58).

Original annotation :
Gene name :gsx.
Expression pattern : No distinct zygotic signal was detected

Conversion to Aniseed format of data from Yutaka Satou's gene expression profiles of transcription factors and signalling molecule ISH screen (Development. 2004 131:4047-58).

Original annotation :
Gene name :gsx.
Expression pattern : No distinct zygotic signal was detected

Darkfield: Dorsal view of a mid gastrula embryo showing Ci-gsx expression in a9.33 cell pair. The embryo is co-stained with nuclear dye syto11 to identify cell positions.

Brightfield: Lateral view of an early neural plate stage embryo hybridized with Ci-gsx probe :dorsal is up, anterior is to the left.

expresion of gsx is restricted to the a9.33 cell pair.

Conversion to Aniseed format of data from Yutaka Satou's gene expression profiles of transcription factors and signalling molecule ISH screen (Development. 2004 131:4047-58).

Original annotation :
Gene name :gsx.
Expression pattern : No distinct zygotic signal was detected

Dorsal view of a late gastrula embryo showing Ci-gsx expression in a9.33 cell pair. The embryo is co-stained with nuclear dye syto11 to identify cell positions.

Vegetal view of a WT Ciona robusta 6-row neural plate stage embryo probed for Gsx expression.
Gsx expression is observed in a9.33 blastomers from neural plate row III, column 2.

Dorsal view of an early neurula embryo showing Ci-gsx expression in a10.66 and a10.65 cell pairs (unlabelled picture) or in a9.33 just about to cleave (c). The embryos are co-stained with nuclear dye syto11 to identify cell positions.

Conversion to Aniseed format of data from Yutaka Satou's gene expression profiles of transcription factors and signalling molecule ISH screen (Development. 2004 131:4047-58).

Original annotation :
Gene name :gsx.
Expression pattern : No distinct zygotic signal was detected

Dorsal view of a mid gastrula stage embryo, showing expression of Ci-Gsx in precursor cells of anterior sensory vesicle and in precirsors cells of posterior sensory vesicle . Expression of ci-Gsx is revealed by whole-mount in situ hybridization. According to the picture, expression of Ci-Gsx seemed to be detected in a10.66, a10.67, a10.68, a10.98 and a9.50 cells pairs.

Vegetal view of a WT Ciona robusta neurula embryo probed for Gsx expression and counterstained with DAPI.
Gsx expression is observed in a10.66 and a10.65 blastomers, column 2 of neural plate row III daughters.
Original annotation: Gsx expression was analysed in early neurula stage embryos (7.5 h of development at 18°C), when it is expressed in both row IIIa and row IIIb (a10.66 and a10.65 respectively), because at 8+ hours of development, Gsx expression also commences in column 1.

Vegetal view of a WT Ciona robusta neurula embryo probed for Gsx expression.
Gsx expression is observed in a10.66 and a10.65 blastomers, column 2 of neural plate row III daughters.
Original annotation: Gsx expression was analysed in early neurula stage embryos (7.5 h of development at 18°C), when it is expressed in both row IIIa and row IIIb (a10.66 and a10.65 respectively), because at 8+ hours of development, Gsx expression also commences in column 1.

Vegetal view of a WT Ciona robusta neurula embryo probed for Gsx expression.
Gsx expression is observed in a10.65 and a10.66 blastomers from neural plate rows IIIa and IIIb, column 2.
Original annotation: Gsx expression was analysed in slightly earlier neurula stage embryos (7.5 h of development at 18°C), when it is expressed in both row IIIa and row IIIb (a10.66 and a10.65 respectively), because at 8+ hours of development, Gsx expression also commences in column 1.

Vegetal view of a WT Ciona robusta neurula embryo probed for Gsx expression.
Gsx expression is observed in a10.66 and a10.65 blastomers from neural plate rows IIIa and IIIb, column 2.
Original annotation: Gsx expression was analysed in early neurula stage embryos (7.5 h of development at 18°C), when it is expressed in both row IIIa and row IIIb (a10.66 and a10.65 respectively), because at 8+ hours of development, Gsx expression also commences in column 1.

Dorsal view, anterior to left, of a late neurula embryo showing Ci-gsx expression pattern. expression is detected in a10.65/66 and in the anterior siter of the a10.74/73 cells: a10.74.

Conversion to Aniseed format of data from Yutaka Satou's gene expression profiles of transcription factors and signalling molecule ISH screen (Development. 2004 131:4047-58).

Original annotation :
Gene name :gsx.
Expression pattern : nervous system.
Comment : a part of the brain

Lateral and dorsal views of an early tailbud stage embryo, showing expression of Ci-Gsx in a part of anterior sensory vesicle and in posterior sensory vesicle . Expression of ci-Gsx is revealed by whole-mount in situ hybridization.

Early tailbud stage, dorsal view, anterior is to the left. Expression is detected in part of the sensory vesivcle, probably A-line derived.

Dorsal view (Fig A.) and lateral view (Fig B.), anterior to left, of an early tailbud embryo showing Ci-gsx expression in the posterior sensory vesicle and part of the anterior sensory vesicle.

recombined A4.1 + b4.2 cell pairs, cultured in sea water until the early tailbud stage and probed for Ci-gsx expression. Most explants (94%) show no expression, 6% show very weak expression (picture), presumably in the A-line posterior SV.

The experiment shows that communication between A and a line cells is necessary to maintain gsx expression at the tailbud stages.

A4.1 + a4.2 anterior half embryo grown to tailbud stages and probed for Ci-gsx expression. Expresion is very similar to the WT expression: part of anterior sensory vesicle and posterior sensory vesicle. One picture shows an explant in which A4.1 and a4.2 were always kept together and the other in which they were separated and immediately recombined.

The experiment shows that gsx expression is autonomous to the anterior half of the embryo.

B4.1 + b4.2 posterior half embryo probed at tailbud stage for Ci-gsx expression. No expression detected.

B4.1 + a4.2 recombinant at tailbud stage probed for Ci-gsx expression. No expression detected.

Conversion to Aniseed format of data from Yutaka Satou's gene expression profiles of transcription factors and signalling molecule ISH screen (Development. 2004 131:4047-58).

Original annotation :
Gene name :gsx.
Expression pattern : No distinct zygotic signal was detected

Lateral and dorsal views of an late tailbud stage embryo, showing expression of Ci-Gsx in a part of anterior sensory vesicle and in posterior sensory vesicle . Expression of ci-Gsx is revealed by whole-mount in situ hybridization.

Lateral view, anterior to left, of late tailbud embryo showing Ci-gsx expression in the posterior sensory vesicle and part of the anterior sensory vesicle.

Lateral view of late a tailbud embryo showing expression of Gsx in the posterior sensory vesicle and in part of the anterior sensory vesicle.

Late tailbud co-stained for tyrosinase (in brown) and CI-gsx expression (in blue), dorsal view, anterior is to the left.The strongest expression of Ci-gsx ca beseen in the posterior sensory vesicle bordering the posterior pigment cell.

Lateral views of WT Ciona robusta larvae electroporated with pGsx>GFPx2
Fluorescence is observed in the sensory vesicle.
"n" is the number of scored embryos ; % corresponds to the proportion of embryos showing similar staining patterns.
Original annotation : Following electroporation of the pGsx>GFP2x construct, control larvae displayed the wild-type head phenotype, in which two pigmented sensory organs are clearly distinguishable, i.e., the otolith, which is a gravity sensory organ located ventrally in the anterior region of the sensory vesicle, and the photosensing ocellus more dorsally, in the wall of the vesicle.

Expression signals were assessed by whole-mount in situ hybridization (WISH) and the NBT/BCIP coloring system under the stereomicroscope. Bars 100 μm (a–c),
“No expression signal of Gsx is detected in the juveniles (a).”