A 3.8 kb region located upstream of the gene contains all the regulatory elements able to reproduce its spatial expression pattern. Analyzing progressively truncated fragments of this region; three discrete and separate regions driving LacZ reporter gene expression in the ventral epidermis, primordial pharynx and neural territories have been identified :


- Region - 2546 bp/- 818 bp : Drives the expression in the ventral epidermis


- Region -457 bp/ - 227 bp : Drives the expression in the pharynx


- Region - 227 bp/- 84 bp : Drives the expression in the visceral ganglion, the sensory vesicle, the otolith-ocellus precursor and in the neural tube.

Be careful, coordinates in the paper are different from ANISEED coordinates. We took the KH transcript model as reference.

Coordinates in the paper : -129bp/227bp

Modification of Ci-msxb -117/238 N3 motif added by substitution

KH2012:KH.C2.957 (DLX1; MSX1; MSX2)

CONS00000072: pMsxb -117/238 N3 added/mutated::LacZ

5,773,3955,773,750

Aniseed Coordinates: [5,773,395 / 5,773,750] on scaffold KhC2

This sequence was found using blast on the JGI version 1.0 with the sequence in the found in the paper.
Two motifs N3 mutated (atcgtcgcggccgaagcgCAGccaagtcgt) was fused to the -129bp/+227bp Ci-msxb enhancer sequence.

Russo et al. (2004). Regulatory elements controlling Ci-msxb tissue-specific expression during Ciona intestinalis embryonic development. Dev. Biol. 267(2):517-28